A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Agnew’s General Theory of Crime and Delinquency
Abstract
Objectives: Recent trends in globalization and the recognition that crime is a worldwide phenomenon have led criminologists to theorize causes of crime across the international context. However, barriers to uniform and systematic data collection across countries have limited the ability to test general theories of crime across multiple contexts. To overcome this limitation, the current study tests Agnew’s (2005) general theory of crime and delinquency using data systematically collected from American and Irish adolescents.
Methods: Binomial regression analyses test Agnew’s central theoretical propositions by utilizing the United States and Ireland portions of the second phase of the International Self-report Delinquency Study (ISRD-2). Clogg tests are used to identify any differences between international contexts.
Results: The results provide strong supportive evidence for Agnew’s (2005) central theses on adolescents’ delinquent offending. While most of the adolescents’ individual, family, peer, school, and neighborhood factors had similar effects in both countries, some were significantly different between American and Irish adolescents.
Conclusions: The current study supports the notion of generality in Agnew’s (2005) theory of crime and delinquency and it’s applicability for cross-cultural criminology research. Subtle differences between countries may lend insight into further theoretical refinement of the general theory. Suggestions for future cross-national theory testing related to data collection and analysis are discussed.
References
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6. AGNEW, R., BREZINA, T., WRIGHT, J. P., & CULLEN, F. T. (2002). STRAIN, PERSONALITY TRAITS, AND DELINQUENCY: EXTENDING GENERAL STRAIN THEORY. Criminology, 40(1), 43-72. doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00949.x
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17. Breen, J., Manning, U., O’Donnell, I., O’Mahony, D., & Seymour, M. (2010). Ireland. In Juvenile delinquency in Europe and beyond: Results of the second international self-report delinquency study (pp. 111 - 124). New York: Springer.
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19. Cavadino, M., & Dignan, J. (2006). Penal policy and political economy. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6(4), 435-456. doi:10.1177/1748895806068581
20. Clogg, C. C., Petkova, E., & Haritou, A. (1995). Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients Between Models. American Journal of Sociology, 100(5), 1261-1293. doi:10.1086/230638
21. Cloward, R. A., & Ohlin, L. E. (1960). Delinquency and opportunity: A theory of delinquent gangs. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
22. Cohen, A. K. (1955). Delinquent boys: The culture of the gang. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
23. Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588. doi:10.2307/2094589
24. Cohen, P., Cohen, J., Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1999). The Problem of Units and the Circumstance for POMP. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 34(3), 315-346. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3403_2
25. Colvin, M. (2000). Crime and coercion: An integrated theory of chronic criminality. New York: St. Martin's Press.
26. Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (2014). The reasoning criminal: Rational choice perspectives on offending.
27. Cullen, F. T., Wright, J. P., & Blevins, K. R. (2006). Taking stock: The status of criminological theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
28. Durkheim, E. (1938). The rules of sociological method. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press
29. Dünkel, F., Gensing, A., Burman, M., & O'Mahony, D. (2010). Juvenile justice systems in Europe: Current situation and reform developments. Mönchengladbach: Forum Verlag Godesberg.
30. Ember, C. R., & Ember, M. (1994). War, Socialization, and Interpersonal Violence: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 38(4), 620-646. doi:10.1177/0022002794038004002
31. Enzmann, D., Marshall, I. H., Killias, M., Junger-Tas, J., Steketee, M., & Gruszczynska, B. (2010). Self-reported youth delinquency in Europe and beyond: First results of the Second International Self-Report Delinquency Study in the context of police and victimization data. European Journal of Criminology, 7(2), 159-183. doi:10.1177/1477370809358018
32. Felson, M. (1994). Crime and everyday life: Insights and implications for society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
33. Gartner, R., & Parker, R. N. (1990). Cross-National Evidence on Homicide and the Age Structure of the Population. Social Forces, 69(2), 351. doi:10.2307/2579663
34. Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. T. (1964). Ventures in criminology: Selected recent papers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
35. Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
36. GRASMICK, H. G., TITTLE, C. R., BURSIK, R. J., & ARNEKLEV, B. J. (1993). Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(1), 5-29. doi:10.1177/0022427893030001002
37. Hazel, & Neal. (n.d.). Cross-national comparison of youth justice. Youth Justice Board.
38. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
39. Hirschi, T., & Laub, J. H. (2002). The craft of criminology: Selected papers. New Brunswick, U.S.A: Transaction Publishers.
40. Hummelsheim, D., Hirtenlehner, H., Jackson, J., & Oberwittler, D. (2010). Social Insecurities and Fear of Crime: A Cross-National Study on the Impact of Welfare State Policies on Crime-related Anxieties. European Sociological Review, 27(3), 327-345. doi:10.1093/esr/jcq010
41. Junger-Tas, J. (2012). The Many Faces of Youth Crime: Contrasting Theoretical Perspectives on Juvenile Delinquency across Countries and Cultures. New York, NY: Springer New York.
42. Junger-Tas, J., & Decker, S. H. (2006). International handbook of juvenile justice. (Springer e-books.) Dordrecht: Springer.
43. Junger-Tas, J., Marshall, I. H., Enzmann, D., Killias, M., & Steketee, M. (2012). The many faces of youth crime: Contrasting theoretical perspectives on juvenile deliquency across countries and cultures. New York: Springer.
44. Karstedt, S. (2001). Crime, Law and Social Change, 36(3), 285-308. doi:10.1023/a:1012223323445
45. Katz, C. M., Maguire, E. R., & Choate, D. (2011). A Cross-National Comparison of Gangs in the United States and Trinidad and Tobago. International Criminal Justice Review, 21(3), 243-262. doi:10.1177/1057567711417179
46. Kilkelly, U. (2006). Youth justice in Ireland: Tough lives, rough justice. Dublin, Ireland: Irish Academic Press.
47. Kim, E., Akers, R. L., & Yun, M. (2013). A Cross-Cultural Test of Social Structure and Social Learning: Alcohol Use among South Korean Adolescents. Deviant Behavior, 34(11), 895-915. doi:10.1080/01639625.2013.782787
48. LEAVITT, G. C. (1990). Relativism and Cross-Cultural Criminology: A Critical Analysis. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 27(1), 5-29. doi:10.1177/0022427890027001002
49. LeBoeuf, Donni. (1996). Curfew, an answer to juvenile delinquency and victimization? Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
50. Mannheim, H. (1965). Comparative criminology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
51. McGilloway, S., Mhaille, G. N., Bywater, T., Furlong, M., Leckey, Y., Kelly, P., … Donnelly, M. (2012). A parenting intervention for childhood behavioral problems: A randomized controlled trial in disadvantaged community-based settings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(1), 116-127. doi:10.1037/a0026304
52. Mejia, A., Calam, R., & Sanders, M. R. (2015). A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Parenting Intervention in Low-Resource Settings in Panama. Prevention Science, 16(5), 707-717. doi:10.1007/s11121-015-0551-1
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Authors
[1]
“A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Agnew’s General Theory of Crime and Delinquency”, Soc. sci. humanities j., vol. 2, no. 01, pp. 301–321, Jan. 2018, Accessed: Apr. 26, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://sshjournal.com/index.php/sshj/article/view/85
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