How An Organization’s Environmental Orientation Impacts Environmental Performance through Green Computing Hiring Practices
Abstract
This research uses the logic embodied in Strategic Fit Theory, the Natural Resource-Based View of the Firm (NRBV), strategic human resource management, and other relevant literature to empirically demonstrate how the environmental orientation of a firm's strategy impacts their environmental performance through the firm's Information Technology hiring practices. Specifically, it was hypothesized that firms with a strong relationship between their environmental orientation and their green computing hiring practices will achieve higher environmental performance than firms lacking such fit.
The sample size of firms is fairly large, increasing the statistical power of the empirical tests. The combination of using a large sample of real world firms, a powerful combination of qualitative and quantitative methodological techniques to tap into key trace evidence not available through other methodological techniques, and leveraging a recognized environmental data set has enhanced the robustness of the empirical findings in addressing this important gap in the literature.
The results of the analyses show that there is a strong relationship between an organization’s environmental posturing and its environmental performance. Additionally, this effect is mediated by the organization’s environmental hiring practices, indicating that implementing the organization’s environmental strategy through its hiring practices is important in achieving improved environmental performance.
References
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38. KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. (2008). Getting Started with KLD STATS. Boston: KLD Research & Analytics, Inc.
39. Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities and the Replication of Technology. Organization Studies, 3, 383-397.
40. Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology (2nd Edition ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
41. Lauer, W. S. (2003). Social Accountability and Corporate Greenwashing. Journal of Business Ethics, 43, 253-261.
42. Lawrence, A. T., & Weber, J. (2008). Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
43. Lepak, D. P., & Snell, S. A. (1999). The Human Resource Architecture: Toward a Theory of Human Capital Allocation and Development. Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 31-48.
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48. Marquis, C., Toffel, M. W., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Scrutiny, norms, and selective disclosure: A global study of greenwashing. Organization Science, 27(2), 483-504.
49. Mattingly, J. E., & Berman, S. L. (2006). Measurement of Corporate Social Action: Discovering Taxonomy in the Kinder Lydenburg Domini Ratings Data. Business & Society, 45(1), 20-46.
50. Menguc, B., & Ozanne, L. K. (2005). Challenges of the "Green Imperative": A Natural Resource-Based Approach to the Environmental Orientation-Business Performance Relationship. Journal of Business Research, 58, 430-438.
51. Michalisin, M. D. (1999). Validity of Annual Report Assertions About Innovativeness: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business Research, 53, 151-161.
52. Michalisin, M. D., & White, G. P. (2001). An Empirical Study of the Posturing-Implementation Gap in Quality Management. Quality Management Journal, 8(1), 34-51.
53. Michalisin, M. D., Karau, S. J., & Tangpong, C. (2004). Top Management Team Cohesion and Superior Industry Returns: An Empirical Study of the Resource-Based View. Group and Organization Management, 29(1), 125-140.
54. Munshi, D., & Kurian, P. (2005). Imperalizing Spin Cycles: A Postcolonial Look at Public Relations, Greenwashing, and the Separation of Publics. Public Relations Review, 31, 513-520.
55. Murugesan, S. (2008). Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. IT Professional, 10(1), 24-33.
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57. Noll, C. L., & Wilkins, M. (2002). Critical skills of IS professionals: A model for curriculum development. Journal of Information Technology Education, 1(3).
58. Parguel, B., Benoit-Moreau, F., & Larceneux, F. (2009). A Closer Look at Ethical Corporate Marketing: Sustainability Ratings as a Means to Deter Greenwashing. Paris: Centre de recherche DRM UMR 7088 - DMSP.
59. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy & Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 1-15.
60. Prabhakar, B., Litecky, C. R., & Arnett, K. (2005). IT skills in a tough job market. Communications of the ACM, 48(10), 91-94.
61. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Contemporary Approaches to Assessing Mediation in Communication Research. In A. F. Hayes, M. D. Slater, & L. B. Snyder (Eds.), The Sage Sourcebook of Advanced Data Analysis Methods for Communication Research (pp. 13-54). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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64. Russo, M. V., & Fouts, P. A. (1997). A Resource-Based Perspective on Corporate Environmental Performance and Profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), 534-559.
65. Simon, H. A. (1991). Bounded Rationality and Organizational Learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 125-134.
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67. Symantec Corporation. (2009). Green IT: Global Results. Mountain View, CA: Symantec Corporation.
68. Trauth, E. M., Farwell, D. W., & Lee, D. (1993). The IS expectation gap: Industry expectations versus academic preparation. MIS Quarterly, 17(3), 293-307.
69. Venkatraman, N., & Camillus, J. C. (1984). Exploring the Concept of "Fit" in Strategic Management. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 513-525.
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73. Wright, P. M., & Snell, S. A. (1998). Toward a Unifying Framework for Exploring Fit and Flexibility In Strategic Human Resource Management. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 756-772.
74. Wright, P. M., McMahan, G. C., & McWilliams, A. (1994). Human Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based Perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 301-326.
75. Zajac, E. J., Kraatz, M. S., & Bresser, R. K. (2000). Modeling the Dynamics of Strategic Fit: A Normative Approach to Strategic Change. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 429-453.
76. Zhang, R. Y., Lakshmanan, L. V., & Zamar, R. H. (2004). Extracting relational data from HTML repositories. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 6(2), 5-13.
2. Aken, A. J., & Michalisin, M. D. (2007). The impact of the skills gap on the recruitment of MIS graduates. Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMIS CPR Conference (pp. 105-111). St. Louis: ACM.
3. Al-Tuwaijri, S. A., Christensen, T. E., & Hughes II, K. E. (2004). The Relations Among Environmental Disclosure, Environmental Performance, and Economic Performance: A Simultaneous Equations Approach. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 29, 447-471.
4. Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. (1993). Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 33-46.
5. Aragon-Correa, J. A., & Sharma, S. (2003). A Contingent Resource-Based View of Proactive Corporate Environmental Strategy. The Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 71-88.
6. Aragon-Correa, J. A., Hurtado-Torres, N., Sharma, S., & Garcia-Morales, V. J. (2008). Environmental Strategy and Performance in Small Firms: A Resource-Based Perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 86, 88-103.
7. Archer, C. B. (1983). What does business and industry expect from computer science graduates today? Proceedings of the 14th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education (pp. 82-84). New York, NY: ACM.
8. Athey, S., & Plotnicki, W. J. (1988). A Comparison of Information Systems Job Requirements in Major Metropolitan Areas. Interface, 13(4), 47-53.
9. Banerjee, S. B. (2002). Corporate Environmentalism: The Construct and its Measurement. Journal of Business Research, 55, 177-191.
10. Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
11. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
12. Becerra-Fernandez, I. (2006). Searching for experts on the Web: A review of contemporary expertise locator systems. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 6(4), 333-355.
13. Bowman, E. H. (1978). Strategy, Annual Reports, and Alchemy. California Management Review, 20(3), 64-71.
14. Callan, S. J., & Thomas, J. M. (2010). Environmental Economics & Management (5th Edition ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
15. Carroll, A. B., & Bucholtz, A. K. (2006). Business & Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management (6th Edition ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson: South-Western.
16. Chatterji, A. K., Levine, D. I., & Toffel, M. W. (2007). Do Corporate Social Responsibility Ratings Predict Corporate Social Performance? Boston: Harvard Business School.
17. Chatterji, A. K., Levine, D. I., & Toffel, M. W. (2009). How Well do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility? Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 18(1), 125-155.
18. Chatterji, A., & Levine, D. (2005). Breaking Down the Wall of Codes: Evaluating Non-Financial Perforamnce Measurement. Center for Responsible Business. Berkeley, CA: UC Berkeley.
19. Chen-Chuan Chang, K., He, B., & Zhang, Z. (2004). Mining semantics for large scale integration on the web: evidences, insights, and challenges. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 2, 67-76.
20. Cho, C. H., & Patten, D. M. (2007). The Role of Environmental Disclosures as Tools of Legitimacy: A Research Note. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32, 639-647.
21. Chorn, N. H. (1991). The "Alignment" Theory: Creating Strategic Fit. Management Decision, 29(1), 20-24.
22. D'Aveni, R. A., & MacMillan, I. C. (1990). Crisis and the Content of Managerial Communications: A Study of the Focus of Attention of Top Managers in Surviving and Failing Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 634-657.
23. Dechant, K., & Altman, B. (1994). Environmental Leadership: From Compliance to Competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Executive, 8(3), 7-27.
24. Fisher-Vanden, K., & Thorburn, K. S. (2008). Voluntary Corporate Environmental Initiatives and Shareholder Wealth. Center for Corporate Governance. Hanover, NH: Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth.
25. Gallivan, M. J., Truex, D. P., & Kvasny, L. (2004). Changing patterns in IT skill sets 1988-2003: A content analysis of classified advertising. The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, 35(3), 64-87.
26. Glymour, C., Madigan, D., Pregibon, D., & Smyth, P. (1996). Statistical inference and data mining. Communications of the ACM, 39(11), 35-41.
27. Goh, L., & Yap, V. B. (2009). Effects of Normalization on Quantitative Traits in Association Test. BMC Bioinformatics, 1-8.
28. Goles, T., Hawk, S., & Kaiser, K. M. (2008). Information technology workforce skills: The software and IT services provider perspective. Information Systems Frontiers, 10(2), 179-194.
29. Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 109-122.
30. Grant, R. M. (2002). The Knowledge-Based View of the Firm. In C. W. Choo, & N. Bontis, The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge (pp. 133-148). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. Guerci, M., Longoni, A., & Luzzini, D. (2016). Translating stakeholder pressures into environmental performance – the mediating role of green HRM practices. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(2).
32. Hair, J. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th Edition ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
33. Hart, S. L. (1995). A Natural-Resource-Based View of the Firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986-1014.
34. Hayes, A. F. (2010). SPSS and SAS Macro for Bootstrapping Specific Indirect Effects in Multiple Mediation Models. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from Ohio State University: http://www.comm.ohio-state.edu/ahayes/SPSS%20programs/indirect.htm
35. Hitt, M. A., Bierman, L., Shimizu, K., & Kochhar, R. (2001). Direct and Moderating Effects of Human Capital on Strategy and Performance In Professional Service Firms: A Resource-Based Perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 13-28.
36. Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward Terminological, Conceptual, and Statistical Clarity in the Study of Mediators and Moderators: Examples From the Child-Clinical and Pediatric Psychology Literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 599-618.
37. Kenny, D. A. (2009). Mediation (David A. Kenny). Retrieved January 12, 2010, from Homepage of David A. Kenny: http://davidakenny.net/cm/mediate.htm
38. KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. (2008). Getting Started with KLD STATS. Boston: KLD Research & Analytics, Inc.
39. Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities and the Replication of Technology. Organization Studies, 3, 383-397.
40. Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology (2nd Edition ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
41. Lauer, W. S. (2003). Social Accountability and Corporate Greenwashing. Journal of Business Ethics, 43, 253-261.
42. Lawrence, A. T., & Weber, J. (2008). Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
43. Lepak, D. P., & Snell, S. A. (1999). The Human Resource Architecture: Toward a Theory of Human Capital Allocation and Development. Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 31-48.
44. Litecky, C. R., Prabhakar, B., & Arnett, K. (2008). The Size of the IT Job Market: Comparing the US IT Job Markets of the 1990s and 2000s. Communications of the ACM, 51(4), 107-109.
45. Litecky, C., & Arnett, K. (1992). Job skill advertisements and the MIS curriculum: A market-oriented approach. Interface, 14(4), 45.
46. Litecky, C., Aken, A., Ahmad, A., & Nelson, J. (2010). Mining for Computing Jobs. IEEE Software, 27(1), 78-85.
47. Liu, B., Chin, C. W., & Ng, H. T. (2003). Mining topic-specific concepts and definitions on the web. WWW '03: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web (pp. 251-260). Budapest, Hungary: ACM.
48. Marquis, C., Toffel, M. W., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Scrutiny, norms, and selective disclosure: A global study of greenwashing. Organization Science, 27(2), 483-504.
49. Mattingly, J. E., & Berman, S. L. (2006). Measurement of Corporate Social Action: Discovering Taxonomy in the Kinder Lydenburg Domini Ratings Data. Business & Society, 45(1), 20-46.
50. Menguc, B., & Ozanne, L. K. (2005). Challenges of the "Green Imperative": A Natural Resource-Based Approach to the Environmental Orientation-Business Performance Relationship. Journal of Business Research, 58, 430-438.
51. Michalisin, M. D. (1999). Validity of Annual Report Assertions About Innovativeness: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business Research, 53, 151-161.
52. Michalisin, M. D., & White, G. P. (2001). An Empirical Study of the Posturing-Implementation Gap in Quality Management. Quality Management Journal, 8(1), 34-51.
53. Michalisin, M. D., Karau, S. J., & Tangpong, C. (2004). Top Management Team Cohesion and Superior Industry Returns: An Empirical Study of the Resource-Based View. Group and Organization Management, 29(1), 125-140.
54. Munshi, D., & Kurian, P. (2005). Imperalizing Spin Cycles: A Postcolonial Look at Public Relations, Greenwashing, and the Separation of Publics. Public Relations Review, 31, 513-520.
55. Murugesan, S. (2008). Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. IT Professional, 10(1), 24-33.
56. Nelson, J. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility: Emerging good practice for a new era. OECD Observer(299), 9-10.
57. Noll, C. L., & Wilkins, M. (2002). Critical skills of IS professionals: A model for curriculum development. Journal of Information Technology Education, 1(3).
58. Parguel, B., Benoit-Moreau, F., & Larceneux, F. (2009). A Closer Look at Ethical Corporate Marketing: Sustainability Ratings as a Means to Deter Greenwashing. Paris: Centre de recherche DRM UMR 7088 - DMSP.
59. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy & Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility. Harvard Business Review, 1-15.
60. Prabhakar, B., Litecky, C. R., & Arnett, K. (2005). IT skills in a tough job market. Communications of the ACM, 48(10), 91-94.
61. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Contemporary Approaches to Assessing Mediation in Communication Research. In A. F. Hayes, M. D. Slater, & L. B. Snyder (Eds.), The Sage Sourcebook of Advanced Data Analysis Methods for Communication Research (pp. 13-54). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
62. Random House, Inc. (2009). content analysis. (n.d.). Retrieved January 2, 2010, from Dictionary.com: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/content%20analysis
63. Reid, E. M., & Toffel, M. W. (2009). Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies. Strategic Management Journal, 30, 1157-1178.
64. Russo, M. V., & Fouts, P. A. (1997). A Resource-Based Perspective on Corporate Environmental Performance and Profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), 534-559.
65. Simon, H. A. (1991). Bounded Rationality and Organizational Learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 125-134.
66. Sutherland, W. J., & Woodroof, H. J. (2009). The Need for Environmental Horizon Scanning. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 24(10), 523-527.
67. Symantec Corporation. (2009). Green IT: Global Results. Mountain View, CA: Symantec Corporation.
68. Trauth, E. M., Farwell, D. W., & Lee, D. (1993). The IS expectation gap: Industry expectations versus academic preparation. MIS Quarterly, 17(3), 293-307.
69. Venkatraman, N., & Camillus, J. C. (1984). Exploring the Concept of "Fit" in Strategic Management. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 513-525.
70. Willard, B. (2002). The Sustainability Advantage: Seven Business Case Benefits of a Triple Bottom Line. Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada: New Society Publishers.
71. World Bank. (2010). Total Populaton | Data Finder. Retrieved January 3, 2010, from The World Bank: http://datafinder.worldbank.org/population-total
72. Wright, P. M., & McMahan, G. C. (1992). Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Human Resource Management. Journal of Management, 18(2), 295-320.
73. Wright, P. M., & Snell, S. A. (1998). Toward a Unifying Framework for Exploring Fit and Flexibility In Strategic Human Resource Management. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 756-772.
74. Wright, P. M., McMahan, G. C., & McWilliams, A. (1994). Human Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based Perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 301-326.
75. Zajac, E. J., Kraatz, M. S., & Bresser, R. K. (2000). Modeling the Dynamics of Strategic Fit: A Normative Approach to Strategic Change. Strategic Management Journal, 21, 429-453.
76. Zhang, R. Y., Lakshmanan, L. V., & Zamar, R. H. (2004). Extracting relational data from HTML repositories. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, 6(2), 5-13.
Authors
[1]
“How An Organization’s Environmental Orientation Impacts Environmental Performance through Green Computing Hiring Practices”, Soc. sci. humanities j., vol. 2, no. 04, pp. 438–468, Apr. 2018, Accessed: Apr. 20, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://sshjournal.com/index.php/sshj/article/view/138
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